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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Tabyrga face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"musk-deer face="Times New Roman Star"кабарга face="Times New Roman Star"tabyrg|a 'tarbagan', tabyrg|an 'flying squirrel' face="Times New Roman Star"tabyrg|y face="Times New Roman Star"to:rg|y face="Times New Roman Star"to:rg|u face="Times New Roman Star"to:rg|u face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 452. Turk. > Russ. kabarga/, see Аникин 230, 519, 600. face="Times New Roman Star"*tAs face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bad 2 quite face="Times New Roman Star"1 плохой, дурной 2 совсем face="Times New Roman Star"tas 1 (MK - Oghuz, IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) tas 1 (Houts. , Ettuhf. , Bulgat.) face="Times New Roman Star"tas 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tas-xara 'quite dark' face="Times New Roman Star"tas 'excellent!' face="Times New Roman Star"tas 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 465, EDT 554. face="Times New Roman Star"*terku" ( ? -i-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"saddle straps face="Times New Roman Star"торока face="Times New Roman Star"tergu" (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"terki `rear saddlebow' face="Times New Roman Star"terki (Pav. C. ), (MKypch.) tergu" (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ta"rk `place behind the saddle' face="Times New Roman Star"tirkis? face="Times New Roman Star"tirg@ face="Times New Roman Star"terig face="Times New Roman Star"terki face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rt `back, back side', tu"rt-l@x 'чресседельник' face="Times New Roman Star"to"rgu": face="Times New Roman Star"dergi face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475-476, EDT 544, TMN 2, 499-500. The stem is connected - in a somewhat unclear fashion - with *tirke- 'to hitch' (derived from tiz- 'to string' in Хелимский 1986 and Дыбо 1995, 282 - but the latter should be properly reconstructed as *dir/-, so this derivation is by no means certain). External evidence suggests that *-i- is original here; the vowel *-e- in *terku" may be due to the influence of *de:r-ke- 'to gather; equip' (see *de:r-). face="Times New Roman Star"*tum-gu- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 water nut 2 water-lily face="Times New Roman Star"1 водяной орех 2 кувшинка face="Times New Roman Star"tumg|ujun (IM ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tumag|an (Osm.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"to"nbo"jek, (КСТТ ) tomqyjyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) tumg|yjuq 'лепесток водяной лилии' (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tumg|ajaq 2 (Tel.) face="Times New Roman Star"tumbujuq (R ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tombojoq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 499. face="Times New Roman Star"*toku face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"buckle face="Times New Roman Star"пуговица, пряжка face="Times New Roman Star"toqu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"toka face="Times New Roman Star"toqqa (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to.qa face="Times New Roman Star"toGGa face="Times New Roman Star"toqa face="Times New Roman Star"tog|o (dial. Leb.) face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|g|a face="Times New Roman Star"tog|a face="Times New Roman Star"toqa face="Times New Roman Star"dog|a, tog|a face="Times New Roman Star"tog|a face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 485, EDT 466-467, TMN 2, 525. face="Times New Roman Star"*to"n|- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to bow face="Times New Roman Star"наклонять face="Times New Roman Star"to"n|it- (?-u"-) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"to"n|it- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|- 'to be toppled, turn upside down' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|n|i 'bent' face="Times New Roman Star"to"n|nu"g 'convex' face="Times New Roman Star"to"n|ko"k 'convex' face="Times New Roman Star"to"n|ko"i- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 494, EDT 517, ЭСТЯ 3, 279-281. face="Times New Roman Star"*Tobur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"(pine) cone face="Times New Roman Star"шишка; бутон face="Times New Roman Star"tomurz?|uk face="Times New Roman Star"tubyrc?yq face="Times New Roman Star"tumurz?|uG face="Times New Roman Star"torum `cedar cone' face="Times New Roman Star"to:rc?yq face="Times New Roman Star"tuorax face="Times New Roman Star"to:ruq face="Times New Roman Star"to:ruq face="Times New Roman Star"toburc?uq face="Times New Roman Star"tubyrsyq face="Times New Roman Star"to:mruq face="Times New Roman Star"tomruq face="Times New Roman Star"tompur face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 482, Лексика 115, 121. The Siberian forms clearly point to *-b- (or *-g-); other forms have been influenced by *top and *dom- / *tom- 'round' q. v. sub *t`o\p`u/ , *t`o>\mu\ . Turk. > Mong. (Kalm.) toburc?ag 'acorn, cone' (KW 404); see Poppe 47. face="Times New Roman Star"*To(n|)gurak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 poplar 2 willow face="Times New Roman Star"1 тополь 2 ива face="Times New Roman Star"tog|raq (OUygh. - YB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tog|raq (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dorany 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"turaq (Pav. C. ) 1, turunqu 2 (Бор. Бад. ) face="Times New Roman Star"turan|g|i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tog|raq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"torg|aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"daran|g|y 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"toGaraq 1, toran|n|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to:raq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toran|g|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 484, EDT 472. Not quite clear is the relationship to the isolated Tur. toz 'poplar'. face="Times New Roman Star"*tEn| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 pool 2 big river face="Times New Roman Star"1 пруд 2 большая река face="Times New Roman Star"(?) ten| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) ten 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tin 2 (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 473, EDT 512. Chag. > Kalm. ten| 'Don'. face="Times New Roman Star"*dAr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"vulture face="Times New Roman Star"стервятник face="Times New Roman Star"tasqara (dial., Malov - Xami) face="Times New Roman Star"dazzarkel face="Times New Roman Star"tasxa 'owl' face="Times New Roman Star"tas qus? (Верб. ) face="Times New Roman Star"das face="Times New Roman Star"tazqara face="Times New Roman Star"tasqara face="Times New Roman Star"tad|g|ara face="Times New Roman Star"Turk. > Kalm. tas (KW 381-382). face="Times New Roman Star"*Te.rk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to curse, despise face="Times New Roman Star"упрекать, ругать face="Times New Roman Star"tirge|- face="Times New Roman Star"te/irke- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"terga- face="Times New Roman Star"ta"rgi- face="Times New Roman Star"tire:- 'to threaten' face="Times New Roman Star"tirga"- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 481. face="Times New Roman Star"*Tog face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of fish face="Times New Roman Star"вид рыбы face="Times New Roman Star"tog|y 'sturgeon' (КСТТ ) face="Times New Roman Star"tog| 'perch' face="Times New Roman Star"tu:ly 'кускуч' face="Times New Roman Star"*uja face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"relation, blood relation face="Times New Roman Star"родственник, кровный родственник face="Times New Roman Star"uja (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"uja 'brother, kinsman' face="Times New Roman Star"oja 'family, kin' face="Times New Roman Star"uja 'younger sister' (Sangl. ), 'brother' (`Ali), 'blood relation' (Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"uja 'sister' face="Times New Roman Star"uja 'generation' face="Times New Roman Star"ujalas? 'by one venter' face="Times New Roman Star"ujalas 'by one venter' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511, EDT 267. face="Times New Roman Star"*u"kek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"box face="Times New Roman Star"ящик, сундук face="Times New Roman Star"u"kek (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"gex 'stockroom' face="Times New Roman Star"u"gek 'kennel; basket' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ko"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"ka"le|k 'store, stall' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 105, VEWT 370, Лексика 521. Derivation from *o":k- 'to heap up' (v. sub *o:/k`e\ ), see Аникин 579-580 with lit., is dubious, primarily for semantic reasons. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g (*o"k) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 mother 2 sister face="Times New Roman Star"1 мать 2 сестра face="Times New Roman Star"o"g (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ke, o"ge (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ke (R.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uka, hu"ka" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 99, ЭСТЯ 1, 519-520, Лексика 300. face="Times New Roman Star"*Vlagr/yn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pig, swine face="Times New Roman Star"свинья face="Times New Roman Star"(y)lag|zyn (Orkh. - a cyclical sign), lag|zyn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 764. face="Times New Roman Star"*ul/ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"slander face="Times New Roman Star"клевета face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq Tob. 'slanderer' (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"us?uluq 'suspicion' (Pav. C. ), us?aq (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"us?s?aq face="Times New Roman Star"usxax 'rumour' face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq face="Times New Roman Star"os?aq face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq 'conversation' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 517, EDT 16 (confused with uvs?ak 'small'). face="Times New Roman Star"*o"mgen face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"upper part of breast face="Times New Roman Star"верхняя часть груди face="Times New Roman Star"o"mgen (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|men face="Times New Roman Star"o"mgo"k face="Times New Roman Star"Дыбо 137-138, EDT 159, ЭСТЯ 1, 537, Лексика 271. face="Times New Roman Star"*yn-tyk (? *e-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to breathe heavily face="Times New Roman Star"тяжело дышать face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 'to become tired, exhausted' face="Times New Roman Star"andъx- face="Times New Roman Star"yndynnyg| 'panting, alarmed' face="Times New Roman Star"yntyq- face="Times New Roman Star"yntyg|- face="Times New Roman Star"intek- face="Times New Roman Star"Егоров 29, Федотов 1,49. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn|- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bent, oblique face="Times New Roman Star"согнутый, косой face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qin|g|ir face="Times New Roman Star"qin|i(r) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"kyn|nar 'криво, косо' face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264-265, EDT 639, ЭСТЯ 6, 220-221. OT qyn|raq 'curved dagger' > WMong. kig|ira, kin|gara (Kalm. ki:r@, Khalkha x/an|gar).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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